GOLD · Global
GOLD Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD
ABE assessment groups, initial inhaler choice by symptoms and exacerbations, eosinophil-guided ICS use.
2025Version 2025 reportRespiratory
Key recommendations
- AStrong
Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70 is required to confirm airflow obstruction.
- BStrong
Group E patients should start LABA + LAMA; add ICS if blood eosinophils ≥ 300 cells/µL.
- AStrong
Offer smoking cessation support at every contact — it is the only intervention altering decline in FEV1.
Demo content. Educational decision support only. Verify every dose, citation and recommendation against your national formulary and the primary source before clinical use.